HUB

 Hub: In computer networking, a hub is a basic networking device that connects multiple devices on a network. It is essentially a central connection point that enables communication between devices on the same network. Here is an overview of how hubs work and their uses in computer networking.

·     How Hubs Work: Hubs work by receiving data from one device on a network and broadcasting it to all other devices on the same network. When a device sends data to the hub, the hub reads the destination address of the data and then forwards it to the correct device. This allows for communication between devices on the same network, as data can be transmitted and received by multiple devices simultaneously.

·     Types of Hubs: There are two main types of hubs: active hubs and passive hubs. Active hubs contain electronics that amplify the signal and regenerate it, allowing for longer cable distances and improved performance. Passive hubs simply connect the devices without any amplification or regeneration of the signal.
 
·     Uses of Hubs: Hubs are commonly used in small office and home networks (SOHO) where a limited number of devices need to be connected. They are also used in larger networks as a connecting point for segments of the network, or as a backup in case of a switch failure.
 
·     Advantages of Hubs: Hubs are relatively inexpensive, easy to install, and simple to use. They provide a central connection point for devices on a network and enable communication between devices. Additionally, they can be used to extend the network by connecting multiple segments together.
 
·     Disadvantages of Hubs: One of the main disadvantages of hubs is their limited performance. They do not have the ability to manage the flow of data on a network, so when one device sends data, all other devices on the network receive it. This can lead to congestion and slow down the network.